Concentrator process review

Beneficiation plant for the production of regular and irregular situation, technical conditions, technical specifications, equipment performance and working conditions, the nature of the raw materials, metal loss whereabouts and related parameters locally and do all of the processes survey that called Process inspection.

The purpose of the process review is to:

1. Investigate and understand the production status and existing problems of each process, each system, each cycle, each operation, each unit or single machine in the whole plant, so as to analyze and evaluate the objects examined.

2. Provide evidence for the development and modification of existing processes, technical conditions and operating procedures through the examination and analysis of current processes, in order to obtain better technical and economic indicators in future production.

3. Provide information for summarizing and modifying the original design and summarizing the production experience to further explore new issues.

4. Identify the causes of anomalies in production and seek to balance the imbalances in production in order to improve and improve economic indicators.

Process inspection is a means to discover problems and expose contradictions. On this basis, measures are taken to improve production, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the economic indicators of the concentrator.

First, the classification and main content of the process examination

The purpose of the process is different, and the scope and object of the examination are different. Process examinations generally fall into three categories:

(1) Unit process inspection (system, cycle inspection);

(2) Unit inspection (examination of single machine and operation);

(3) The number of quality processes (partial, all) examination.

The contents of the process review are as follows:

1. Properties of raw ore: including mineral composition, structure, structure, chemical composition, particle size composition, water content, mud content, content of useful minerals and gangue minerals in the ore and embedding characteristics, true and false proportion of ore, Friction angle, angle of repose, grindability and hardness.

2. The technical characteristics and technical conditions of each process, each operation, each unit in production, the quantity of products per year (mine amount, yield, water volume, liquid-solid ratio, etc.) and quality (grade, recovery, particle size composition) Etc.) for systematic investigation.

3. Check the operation of certain auxiliary equipment and the impact on the sorting process.

4. Calculate the total recovery rate of the whole plant, the necessary work recovery rate, the particle size composition of the product, the metal distribution rate, the embedded characteristics, the distribution of useful minerals and gangue minerals, and the quality of the manufactured products.

5. Check the whereabouts of useful minerals and metals, as well as the enrichment and accumulation of certain operations and equipment.

6. Through the above examination, analyze and calculate the process and raw data, calculate the mass flow chart of the ore dressing number and the slurry flow chart, and compile the three analysis (sieving, water analysis, mirror analysis), metal balance table and water balance table. , plot the particle size characteristic curve of the product, the grade-recovery curve and the grade-loss rate curve of the relevant product.

7. Write the process flow inspection report according to the requirements.

Second, the preparation work before the process inspection

(1) Before the examination, the process inspection plan should be prepared according to the purpose and requirements of this examination. The depth and breadth of the examination should be included in the plan. The required manpower, funds, equipment, tools, sample processing sites, and laboratory tests should be examined. Quantity, supply and supply of mine water supply, necessary maintenance, etc.; relevant units (such as laboratories, laboratories, machine repair sections, production workshops) to formulate the implementation plan of the unit according to the overall plan; after the formulation of each plan, in the production scheduling meeting Go up and down the process to check the task. This costly time involved a wide range of work. Not only is it technically strong, but it is also a well-organized and well-planned work. It requires all participating units and personnel to cooperate and cooperate closely in order to complete the process inspection task well.

(2) Prepare a sampling flow chart according to the current process flow, and uniformly number each product in the process; determine the necessary and sufficient sampling points and samples according to the needs (weight sample, grade sample, particle size sample, mirror sample, concentration) Samples, etc., with different symbols representing different samples into the sampling flow chart, and also to be listed, as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Sample Name

(3) Before the examination, the sampling, sample processing personnel and data processing personnel shall be clearly divided and strictly organized, and technical education shall be unified to enable each person participating in the sampling examination to understand the contents of their work, methods and possible Question.

(4) Carefully survey the site before the examination, and reconstruct the sampling points that do not meet the sampling requirements; after all the preparations are in place, organize all personnel to go to the site to conduct a field exercise in order to find out the problem in time.

Third, the selection of the original indicators in the process test

(1) The number of original indicators required for the calculation process

N=C (n=-a)

Where: N is the number of original indicators required to calculate the process (excluding the number of raw ore indicators)

C. The final product item of the calculation process or the number of items of one or more valuable components by material weight and material;

n production - the number of all selected products required for the calculation process;

a - The number of sorting jobs required for the calculation process.

(II) Precautions when selecting various original indicators of the ore dressing plant

The number N of the original indicators necessary for the calculation process can be composed of different numbers of yields, recovery rates and grade indicators. However, in the process test, only the product weight and grade indicators can be obtained. The yield and recovery rate are based on the product weight and For the calculation of the grade, the selection of the indicators is as follows:

1. In the process inspection, the original index selected, in addition to the ore weight and concentrate weight, generally does not select the weight of the intermediate product as the original index. For the convenience of processing, the other products are all grade indicators. For the purpose of checking, the grade index of 1 or 2 intermediate products can be taken more than necessary and sufficient.

2. In the non-selection operation, the grades of the products are quite different (such as the grinding and grading operation of the gold concentrator), and it is necessary to indicate the grade change of each product in the operation. When the original index is selected, the grinding grade is selected. The work should be treated as a sorting operation and the product should also be treated as a sorting product.

3. When there is re-election operation or mixed operation in the gold beneficiation process, a certain amount of finished gold is produced. Because of its small weight (γ=0), one grade index can be reduced.

Fourth, the various indicators often calculated during the process inspection

(1) Indicators and representation methods often calculated during process inspection

Q-productivity, dry ore amount passed per unit time, t/h;

Γ-yield, ratio of product weight to ore weight, %;

β, α, θ- are the concentrate grade, the ore grade, the tailing grade, and the content of the metal in the product; the high content is expressed in %, and the low content is expressed in grams/ton, gram/meter 3, such as gold gram /ton said;

The weight of the metal in the p-product is referred to as the amount of metal expressed in grams per hour, kilograms per hour, and ton per hour.

Ε-recovery ratio, the ratio of the amount of metal in the product to the amount of metal in the ore, %;

W - the amount of water in the work or product per unit time, m 3 / hour;

R-liquid to solid ratio, the weight ratio of liquid to solid in the product;

C-slurry concentration, the ratio of solid weight to slurry weight in the product, %.

(2) The following relationships exist between the above indicators

Qι=γι·Q0

V. Process inspection

When the process is examined, the indicator calculation of the grade classification process

(1) Calculating the cyclic load of the mining process with inspection and classification:

Grading efficiency

In the above two terms, γi and βi represent the yields of the respective products in Fig. 1 and the contents of each product which are smaller than a specified fraction.

Figure 1 Grinding process with inspection and classification

(2) Calculating the cyclic load of the second stage grinding process

Classification efficiency:

Figure 2 Second stage grinding flow chart

6. Calculation of the selection process during the process inspection

Due to the different nature of the ore processed by each plant, the different processes are used, and the calculation methods and formulas used in the process calculation are also different. Calculate according to the calculation method in Section III.

Seven, process calculation

The number quality process calculations for process review have the following characteristics:

(1) When the process is examined, the raw ore measurement is relatively accurate. The product is pulp. It is difficult to accurately measure. Therefore, the weight, grade and moisture of the ore are generally taken as the original indicators, and should not be reversed.

(2) The long-term production of the plant is long, and the index is highly volatile. It is not possible to rely solely on the data obtained from a small sample obtained in a short time as the calculation result, but must be carried out for a long time after the production is stable (generally 5 to 6 hours). The continuous sampling is performed, and the obtained data is counted, and the average value is calculated and used as a calculation result. It is best to indicate the range of fluctuations or margins of the data.

(3) The calculation of the process is a very detailed task. First, it is necessary to obtain necessary and sufficient original indicators, and check whether these indicators are in line with normal conditions. If there is an abnormal phenomenon, it is necessary to re-test and verify.

(4) When carrying out specific calculations, it is necessary to adjust individual indicators or several indicators. At this time, first check whether the check is available. If not, adjust the tailings index of the intermediate products. After the adjustment is completed, Perform system calculations.

(5) For the whole process, when calculating the system, it should be calculated from the outward direction, that is, from the upper and lower ends (from the ore, concentrate, tailings) to the inside, after the unknowns of the two products are calculated, then In order to calculate each job within the process; for the job (or cycle), it should be calculated one job at a time; for the product, the index of the concentrate is calculated first, and then the tail of the job is calculated by subtraction Mine index; for the indicator, the yield is calculated first, and the recovery rate and grade are calculated in turn. Finally, all balances should be checked, and the yield should be checked first and then the recovery rate checked.

Eight, the preparation of the process test report

The process inspection report is a summary of the examination work, and the collected information, the results of the examination, the calculation and the analysis opinions are systematically prepared.

There is no uniform format for the preparation of the examination report, and the outline can be drawn according to the content, depth and breadth of the examination.

In general, the test report should have the following sections

(1) Preface: The purpose and significance of the narrative process examination, the progress schedule of the inspection work, etc.

(II) Introduction of the current status of production in the concentrator

1. Production status of the mines and concentrating plants (overview); production history, process development, production scale, products and production of the concentrator.

2. Ore properties: the source of ore during the inspection, the ore ratio and ore properties of different mining sites, multi-element analysis, spectral analysis, phase analysis and more recent rock and mineral identification results.

3. Current process: Main equipment and main technical indicators (listing production indicators and on-duty production indicators in the near future), the list is compared with the test results.

(3) Preparation and sampling before sampling

1. Sampling process and sampling point arrangement

2. Check the minimum weight and sample weight of the sample.

3, sampling method, time interval, sampling times and total time of examination

4. Processing method and processing of the sample.

(4) Examining the process parameters, technical conditions, technical indicators and calculations of the test results obtained in the process.

1. Determination of the discharge port of the crusher in the crushing process; determination of the specific gravity, friction angle and angle of repose of the ore heap; determination and calculation of the crushing ratio, screening benefit, cyclic load and main equipment load rate, particle size characteristics of the product And particle size characteristics.

2. Determination of the filling rate, ball ratio and rotational speed of the grinding machine during the grinding process; determination of the grindability, hardness and specific gravity of the ore; determination of the classification efficiency, sand return ratio and utilization coefficient of the grinding machine; main equipment load Calculation of the rate; particle size composition and particle size characteristic curve of the product.

3. In the selection process, the determination of the conditions of the beneficiation operation (re-election, amalgamation ), the determination of the dosage of various chemicals; the enrichment ratio of the operation, the beneficiation ratio, the recovery rate of the operation, the flotation time, and the stirring time Separation of selected products (raw ore, concentrate and tailings) and calculation of fractional recovery.

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