Talking about the Limit Factors and Countermeasures of Spring Wheat Development in our Province 1

Wang Deqiang (Heilongjiang Seed Administration Bureau Harbin)

Li Yu (Heilongjiang Farming Shuanghui Agricultural Production Information Co., Ltd.)

Peng Jifeng (Dragon River Farm, Heilongjiang Province)

Spring wheat is one of the best quality wheat varieties in the world. These hard red spring wheats are known as "hard red springs" for their strong gluten and for breadmaking. High-quality spring wheat is prolific in Canada and the United States. Our province's natural ecological environment and climate conditions are similar to those of Canada and the US spring wheat production regions, and it is entirely possible to produce high-quality spring wheat. Our province already has a unique ecology of producing "hard red spring" quality wheat. With regard to environmental and resource advantages, from the perspective of sustainable agricultural development, the planting area of ​​spring wheat in our province is appropriate at 1.33 million hm2 in order to achieve a reasonable rotation of crops. The fact is exactly the opposite, especially since the late 1990s, due to ecological conditions, The combined effects of the market and the country’s related agricultural policies, especially rice and soybeans, are highly profitable, and the comparative benefits of wheat have reduced the wheat planting area in the province, which has fallen rapidly to a historical low in recent years. According to statistics, from 2003 to 2007, the wheat planting area in our province has been around 230,000 hm2, which has broken the original cropping system of "Mianyizaodou". The destruction of the rotation system has serious consequences for the development of agriculture in our province: the destruction of farmland ecosystems, the increasing sowing of soybeans in the province, the deterioration of physiochemical properties of plough layers, the occurrence of large areas of soybean cyst nematode disease, and the yearly Increased trend. Therefore, in order to ensure the sustainable development of agriculture in our province, we should gradually expand the spring wheat planting area.

1 The limiting factors for the development of wheat production in our province

1.1 Drought in the growing season limits the increase in yields

Heilongjiang is a dry farming area. In recent years, early dry northward migration has become a local climate trend. The excessive reclamation of barren hills and slopes has made the already extremely limited ecological environment's ability to regulate the climate to decline; In addition, the continued "Neckline Dryness" in May and June each year has become a fatal factor that restricts wheat production. Continued wheat crop failures in recent years have seriously dampened the enthusiasm of growers.

1.2 The product quality is poor. High quality does not have better prices

For a long time, grain production in our province has been carried out according to the level of output rather than quality and market actual demand patterns, which has caused wheat production in our province to pay attention to production and neglected quality. As a result, in the past, for a long period of time, the quality and processing quality of wheat products were not good. , Low flour extraction rate, gluten content, sedimentation value, stability time and other quality indicators are not high, resulting in lack of market competitiveness of spring wheat, a large inventory of inventory over time, coupled with the current varieties of large variations in quality, poor stability, it is difficult Satisfy the processing requirements of flour companies and food processing companies. It is difficult for the wheat collection and storage department to achieve high quality and price, which has also seriously dampened the farmers' enthusiasm for planting wheat.

1.3 High Planting Costs, Low Benefits

Compared with winter wheat, spring wheat has short tillering period, low tillering rate, low rate of spike formation, poor production conditions (water and fertilizer management), and production has always depended on the main ear to increase yield. The amount of seed used is about 300 kg/hm2, and the amount of chemical fertilizer is also large. In winter wheat area (low utilization rate). Although the degree of mechanization of wheat production in our province is high, due to the low yield in most spring wheat regions, the cost of wheat grain in most spring wheat regions is much higher than that in winter wheat regions, and the quality of wheat in spring wheat regions is relatively poor, with long distances and high freight rates. , causing spring wheat to sell hard, does not have market competitiveness at all in price and quality. In most spring wheat areas, wheat has the lowest comparative benefit among the four major food crops: corn, soybean, rice, and wheat.

1.4 Extensive management and low standardization

Some of the state-owned farms in our province have more standard wheat specifications. However, the contradiction between the vast rural areas, small-scale operations and the big market is outstanding. The technology is not standardized, the operation standards are not well understood and implemented, and the management is extensive. Many farmers only receive two production links. Due to the comparatively low benefits, many conventional techniques such as seed coating, chemical weeding, late-stage foliar spray, irrigation and pest control are difficult to implement.

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