The characteristics and application of vortex pump

The vortex pump is a type of pump that has appeared since 1920. Its main working mechanism includes an impeller (a disk with a radial blade on the outer rim), a pump body, and an annular flow path composed of a pump cover, a pump body, and an impeller. . The liquid enters the flow channel from the suction pipe and is energized by the rotating impeller and is delivered to the discharge pipe to complete the pumping process. The working principle, structure and characteristics of the vortex pump are different from those of centrifugal pumps and other types of pumps. It is a small-flow, high-lift pump with a specific rotation speed n8 below 40.

The small flow of the vortex pump can reach 0.05 l/s or less, and the large one can reach 12.5 l/s. The single-stage head can reach 300m. When the number of revolutions exceeds 40, it is less efficient because it is less efficient than a centrifugal pump.

Vortex pumps have the following advantages over other types of pumps:

1. The vortex pump is a high-lift pump with a very simple structure. Compared with a centrifugal pump with the same size and the same number of revolutions, the vortex pump has a 2-4 times higher lift. Compared with the same head volume pump, its size is small and the structure is simple.

The small size and light weight of the vortex pump have great advantages in the ship installation.

2. Self-priming or self-priming with a simple device.

3. It has a steep drop head curve and is therefore insensitive to pressure fluctuations in the system.

4. Some vortex pumps can achieve vapor-liquid mixing. This is of great significance for pumping volatile liquids containing gases and high temperature liquids with high vaporization pressures.

5. The structure of the vortex pump is simple, and the Casting and machining processes are easy to realize. Some vortex pump parts can also use non-metallic materials such as plastic, nylon molded impellers.

Disadvantages of the vortex pump:

1. The efficiency is low, the maximum is not more than 50%, and the efficiency of most vortex pumps is between 20% and 40%, which hinders its development towards high power.

2. The vortex pump's cavitation performance is poor.

3. The vortex pump cannot be used to pump more viscous media. As the viscosity of the liquid increases, the pump head and efficiency drop drastically, and the viscosity of the medium is limited to 114 centistokes (15° E).

4. The requirements of the radial clearance and axial clearance between the impeller and the pump of the vortex pump are strict (usual radial clearance is 0.15~0.3mm, single side axial clearance is 0.07~0.15mm) for processing and assembly process belt Come to certain difficulties.

5. The pumped media is limited to pure liquids. When the liquid contains solid particles, the axial and radial clearances due to wear increase, degrading the performance of the pump or rendering the vortex pump inoperable.

As the vortex pump has the above characteristics, in recent years, various countries have made great progress in theoretical research, calculation methods, and product varieties of the vortex pump. Vortex pumps are also increasingly used in many sectors of the national economy, such as chemical complexes to pump small flow, high lift acids, alkalis and other corrosive and volatile chemical liquids; Vehicles, tankers, and stationary dispensing devices are used to pump volatile liquids such as gasoline, kerosene, and alcohol; used as mobile and stationary fire pumps, water pumps for ships, and for pressurizing and pumping makeup water.