·The United States and Japan battery recycling system has become a system
Under the guidance and promotion of national policies, the output and holdings of new energy vehicles continue to rise. What's more, the power battery will reach a peak of 12-170,000 scraps around 2020. How to dispose of these scrapped batteries has become a problem that cannot be underestimated.
In fact, for these batteries that cannot be used by electric vehicles, it is not that they have no use value at all. For example, the service life of a lithium battery is about 20 years. However, when it is used in a car, the battery capacity is generally reduced to less than 80% of the initial capacity in 3-5 years. The cruising range of the electric vehicle will be significantly reduced, and the power battery will be replaced.
Many people in the industry believe that considering the strong development trend of electric vehicles in the future, it will bring the blue ocean of power battery cascade utilization. But in fact, the idea of ​​power battery cascade utilization is very good, but there are still a lot of problems in actual operation.
Countries around the world are actively conducting experimental research and engineering applications in the use of power battery ladders. Countries such as the United States, Germany, and Japan have taken the lead, and there have been some successful engineering and commercial projects.
United States
The United States has a comprehensive study on the utilization of power battery cascades. It has systematically studied the economic benefits, technical and commercial feasibility analysis of power batteries. Currently, there are related demonstration projects and commercial operation projects in the United States.
For example, in 2011, GM and ABB began working together to test how to use the Chevrolet Volt's battery pack to collect power back to the grid and ultimately power both domestic and commercial. After the trial, the five groups of used Chevrolet Volt batteries were reintegrated into a modular device that could support 3-5 US ordinary households for two hours of power supply.
In the future, similar applications will provide backup power for some homes and small commercial buildings in the event of a power outage. At the same time, the storage of electricity during peak hours during the electricity price period can also be used to make up for the shortfall in wind power, photovoltaic or other renewable energy generation.
At the same time, the US government is also promoting the establishment of a battery recycling network. In the way of additional environmental fees, a certain amount of handling fee is charged when the consumer purchases the battery, and the battery manufacturing company contributes a part of the return fee, which is supported by the recycling of the scrapped battery.
Germany
At present, Germany has established a relatively complete legal system for recycling, according to the German regulations on battery recycling: in Germany, battery production and importers must be registered with the government, dealers should organize the recovery mechanism, and users are obliged to use used batteries. Handed over to the designated recycling agency. This implementation of the producer responsibility extension system and the establishment of a complete battery recycling system. At the same time, the German Ministry of the Environment funded two power battery recycling demonstration projects (LiBRi project and LithoRec project) to conduct research on the utilization of waste power batteries.
As early as 2010, TUV SÃœD was commissioned by GermanyFederalInstituteforBuilding to participate in the research project of electric vehicle battery ladder utilization. The project plans to establish a demonstration project for energy storage applications in Berlin, Germany, and is funded by the German Energy and Climate Research Institute. In addition, the German Bosch Group has built a 2MW/2MWh large-scale photovoltaic power storage system using BMW's ActiveE and i3 pure electric vehicle scrapped batteries.
Japan
Neighboring countries in Japan are also doing a better job in recycling and recycling of used batteries. Japan's sound system of circular economy development laws and regulations provides a good standard for the recycling of power batteries. Previously, Japanese battery manufacturers have established a battery recycling system for “battery production and sales – recycling – recyclingâ€.
In terms of power battery cascade utilization, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. and Sumitomo Group jointly established 4REnergy Co., Ltd. before the listing of “Leading Windâ€, mainly engaged in the recycling of used batteries for electric vehicles. At present, the scrapped batteries of Nissan Leaf Motors sold or leased in Japan and the United States can be used as energy storage equipment for residential and commercial use.
Comparing the battery recycling status of the above countries, it can be seen that in addition to advanced power battery recycling technology, these countries also have relatively sound laws and regulations. At present, in order to guide and promote the utilization of power battery cascades, policies are continuously introduced at the national policy level, but China still lacks professional laws and regulations, and recycling enterprises also lack relevant strict management systems. Therefore, it is also necessary for China to learn from foreign related experience to establish a complete power battery recycling system.
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