Kunming Tomb Raider lifts the veil of the grave robber

Tomb robbers usually use simple and brutal methods to dig graves and steal stolen goods inside.

Tomb Raider's Common Tools: Crossbow, Shovel and Luoyang Shovel

After the stolen land of the Feng Family of Luquan County was stolen, the ornaments were discarded by the Tomb Raider.

Worthless funerary objects are often abandoned

After the tomb was stolen, the remains of the deceased were thrown away

Tombs, a mysterious industry, happened to Kunming people. Tomb items, including artifacts, were also traded back and forth in underground transactions.

Stepping into a soft mound, suddenly the soil slipped and a yellow pot was exposed along with several pieces of white bones - this is not the plot in the thriller but the end to the tomb robbers. In the vicinity of a tomb dug in the vicinity of Huating Temple in Xishan, Kunming, beech and corpses were scattered all over the place.

Tombs, a mysterious industry, happened to Kunming people. Around Dianchi Lake, especially in the Western Hills, some ancient tombs were stolen. The tombs were quietly carried out in the middle of the night. The items from the tombs, including artifacts, were also traded back and forth in underground transactions.

All over the cave tomb grave

Graves with tombstones were almost completely stolen. The larger the graves and the more tombstones, the more often they are dug up together with eucalyptus.

Lao Cai, a fire inspector, lives at the foot of the West Lake at the foot of the pond. One night when he went out to the toilet, he accidentally looked at the back of the mountain and noticed that there were bright lights in the forest. Is that a wildfire? Lao Cai wants to be more scared and hides home.

In the early morning of February 24, the villagers discovered that several grave graves had been cut open. In the recent two weeks during the reporter’s visit to the tomb of the Xishan Tomb, almost every time he went up the mountain, he discovered that a tomb had just been stolen.

Ancient Shu culture is centered on Dianchi Lake, while West Hill is adjacent to Dianchi Lake. The theft of a large number of tombs in Xishan caused conjecture — would this be related to ancient Shu Kingdoms? What is the history of the stolen graves?

The archeological team once excavated five times in Shizhai Village, Shanglin Township, Jinning County, in the seaside of Dianchi Lake, and cleared 86 burial burials. A large number of cultural relics of copper, iron, gold, silver, pottery, jade, agate and other textures were unearthed, including gold textures. “The Seal of the King of the Kings” resurfaced the history of the ancient Shu Kingdom that had been sleeping for more than 2,000 years.

The picture shows the site of the Kunming Museum at the archaeological excavation site in Zijun Village in December 2010.

Cultural artifacts recovered by railway police

The nearest cemetery on the Western Hills from Dianchi Lake is in the Yulan Garden area. In the jungle, the graves full of weeds and trees lie next to each other. Regardless of whether there are tombstones or not, there are almost all digging graves, beech trees, and white bones scattered in the woods. According to the preliminary statistics of the scenic spot, 90% of the tombs have been stolen from the western hill that is closest to Kunming, and it is still continuing in recent days.

Standing in the jungle of the Western Hills, the graves that are all over the cave are like the empty eyes on the skull. Between the large graveyards, there were occasional coffins stained with red and black paint scattered around, and a gust of wind blew through them.

After entering the fire prevention period, Lao Cai was in charge of the inspection of the entrance to the mountain path at the foot of Yangjia Village. The dense forest on the roadside is a good way for climbers. Lao Cai is to inspect at the intersection or on the road, often passing through the cemetery on the mountain. "There is too much yin inside, and when she enters the woods, she can see it without exception." The firefighters also seldom stay in it for long.

In the jungle, some raised graves have weeds, shrubs, and even big trees. According to the size of the trees, this tomb should have a history of more than a hundred years or even longer. Dozens of meters tall tree branches grow wildly, the breeze blowing, the leaves hit each other, issued a "bang" strange sound. Some villagers recalled that there were firefighters patrolling the mountains during the day and no one at night. Most of the thousands of graves distributed in the woods of Podocarpus beside the Magnolia Garden were stolen. Although this attracted people's attention, they never saw the face of the robbers.

"Tombstone is the carrier of grave information. If it is a large family or a noble official, after the death, the author will write an article." Lao Cai said that there are inscriptions and style, feng shui good graves are generally large families, a few years ago were stolen empty.

As soon as the reporter was looking for a tombstone, he accidentally stepped into the hollow and stepped into a hole. When he took a closer look, he discovered that it was a grave and had already been dug into a hole from the side. In the weeds, a piece of fuzzy stone is engraved with the word "Emperor", and the epitaph can be seen as the owner of the tomb.

Most of the tombs were round and about 1 meter high. The depths of the stolen caves were different. Some of the tombs were cut open from the middle, and some were dug from the grave in different directions. Most were from gravestones or tombs. After digging the hole, the depth was related to the depth of the burial of the coffin, and some holes were big enough for an adult to climb in.

Most of the contiguous graves do not have tombstones. A few stone tombs carved from a single piece of bluestone have been damaged and partially covered in mud. For a long time, inscriptions have been vague, mostly from the Qing Dynasty, from Qianlong to Tongzhi years, with a small part of the Ming Dynasty and the Republic of China. Inscriptions on the inscription include "Emperor's gifts, pre-clear gifts" and other words.

The handwriting on a tombstone shows that the owner of the tomb was Wu Lue, who died in the Qing dynasty era and the official went to Liupin. This tomb is the tomb of the male surname Yang and his two wives. There is also a stolen graves in the Ming Dynasty. The tombstone is engraved with the "Da Ming Wen Lin Lang Huai Jiang."

From the perspective of stolen graves, as long as there is a tombstone almost completely stolen. The larger the graves and the more tombstones, will often be dug up by rakes.

In another stolen graves, the tombstone was engraved with the words "The Qing dynasty filial piety festival gave a pleasant tomb of Yangmu and Wang Taijun" and the side was engraved with the words "Yang Zaijie fucks like snow", indicating that the tombstone was erected by children and grandchildren. The head has fine patterns and dragon and phoenix play beads sculpture. According to this speculation, the tombs should be women of large households before their lives. What has been stolen by the tomb raiders from the grave? The scene has been hard to crack.

In a high-lying location, a tall tombstone stands prominently. The fengshui of the tomb is good. There are several tall pines and cypresses in front of the tomb and you can see Dianchi Lake. As we approached, even though the tomb was surrounded with a large number of stones, the side of the tombstone was still open to a large mouth, and it was clear to see the destroyed coffin. The eucalyptus cover was thrown in front of the tombstone and the black and red paint and yellow patterns on it were still clearly visible. The tombstone is about 2 meters high. The words are engraved on it to indicate that it was a couple's grave burial tomb during the period of the Republic of China. There were two pairs of coffins in the period of the Republic of China. The right side of the coffin was badly damaged and was hollowed out.

Why the Xishan Tomb Was Hacked

According to a senior player in the collection industry, most of the things stolen from the tombs do not have much economic value. “It can be said that more than 90% of them are rubbish and there are not many tombs harvested.”

At the foot of the Xishan Mountain, there is a Yangjia Village on the edge of the pond, and some of the tombstones also show the name of Yang, the tomb owner. Between the tomb and Yangjia Village, there seems to be some relationship.

Walk along the mountain towards the pool and see the ground from time to time

Some of the steps were made with tombstones. At the edge of a vegetable plot in Yangjiacun, there were stone bridges with tombstones. There are currently more than 30 households in Yangjia Village. Some of them are not their surnames but have migrated from other places.

The old man in the village recalled that the original Yangjia Village had only 6 households and gradually expanded. After the old man died in the village, he was taken to the back of the mountain for burial. The place where the surface water was facing the mountain was considered a feng shui treasure land. Before the West Hill did not pass through the highway, people in the city also looked at the feng shui of the mountains in the west, and boaters transported the dead to the mountains for burial. Over time, a large number of graves were distributed on the Western Hills.

On the side of a small road behind Yangjiacun, there is a newly stolen graves in the jungle. The dead wood of the scattered coffin was thrown away to the grave, and an iron ring-like iron was dropped onto the soft soil. It looked like the iron clasp on both sides of the coffin. The graves were dug more than three meters deep. There were three excavated traces on the graves. The loess excavated was piled next to them. The shovel's excavated shovel had wooden handles and batteries mixed in the soil. A bottle of mineral water was also thrown away in the opened coffin.

Judging from the digging graves and the stone monuments in front of the tombs, the stone monuments and the zelkovas are not in one position. There are a lot of stone monuments, and the mound of the entire graves is relatively large. Two tall trees have been grown on the graves. It may be that later generations built false tombs directly behind gravestones to confuse the sight of the robbers. The real coffin is at the right rear of the tombstone, so the tomb lords dug deep caves and bends to find the coffin. The tombstone is a complete bluestone. Only the characters “Wong Ching to be given, Jiaqing 16 years” can be seen.

Around Huating Temple, which was built in Jiayou in the Northern Song Dynasty (1063), there were many tombs. The tomb of Tang Jiyao’s sister Tang Hao was on the side of the entrance of the Taihua Road. Three tombstones nearly 2 meters high are very lavish. Epitaphs are engraved on the stone monuments on both sides.

On the bulging bulge, a large hole appeared in front of the eye. On the side grave, it was painted with a blurred red paint: "Note that this tomb was stolen in 1984. Please weigh yourself." Looking into the graved hole, there was a circular wall of cement. The tombs dug the earth from the top, digging the concrete wall from the bottom and grabbing the tomb. What was stolen in this lady’s grave was not known.

Behind the temple not far behind Tang’s tomb, there were several graves from the family. As soon as the tomb was dug into a large pit, there was a large amount of loess, rotted coffin boards, and some bones scattered on the edge. It was speculated from the soil that it seemed to be dug two days ago, and the red clay was still very soft. This burial tomb is a burial burial tomb. It is a long time from the decay of cypress trees and the growth of graves.

There are quite a few cemeteries on the Western Hills. The description of Biji Town describes it as follows: “Here has a long history. In 1979, the ruins of the Neolithic Gansu-style buildings were unearthed in Wangjiadui in 1979. Cultural relics include Longmen Grottoes, Huating Temple, Taihua Temple, and people’s music. Nie Er’s tomb, the young literary worker Zhang Tianxu’s tomb, the patriotic soldier Yang Jie’s tomb, and the patriotic professor Bai Xiwen’s tomb.

In addition to the Xishan Mountain, Kunming’s Golden Temple, the Unity Street Office and other places all had ancient tombs stolen, and even some of the country’s cemeteries were stolen. This kind of thing that seems ordinary in the eyes of ordinary people has made the job of the robbers.

70-year-old Mr. Su was at the edge of Dianchi Lake. The ancestral ancestral site was near Taihua Temple. He was stolen many years ago. However, there is something in it. As a descendant, he does not know. “There is a bit of jade, gold and silver jewellery or something. There are very few men’s funerary objects, women have jewelry, jade bracelets, earrings, pendants, etc. There may also be jade pillows, heart care jade, etc.” Mr. Su It is said that only large households or Daguan nobles have funerary objects, and common people do not even have a decent casket.

According to a senior player in the collection industry, most of the things stolen from the tombs do not have much economic value. “It can be said that more than 90% are garbage, and there are not many tombs harvested.”

"Tomb robbers first have tombstones and can distinguish whether they are rich people or not. Finally, as long as the tombs are stolen, even if they are people. Tomb robbers generally judge the value of graves from the perspective of feng shui." Mr. Su has studied feng shui. In his opinion, the dragon's veins in the Western Hills are very good. Along the Longmen area on the Western Hills, they squat down to the edge of the Dianchi Lake. Therefore, in some gentle areas there will be tombs. In addition, feng shui better places built temples a few hundred years ago. For example, Huating Temple existed during the Yuan Dynasty and there were tombs near the temple. This is to stick some good feng shui treasure.

Uncover the veil of the robbers

"Tomb guilty" does not exist in reality. Tomb robbers collaborated inside and out, took away all the items in the tomb and left it open to allow the grave to be opened without backfilling.

“Hair of India, touch the golden character, move the mountain to find the dragon; people

Spot wax, ghost blowing lights, 舆 舆 觅 觅 觅 觅 觅 觅 觅 star peak; mercury 癍, Yang Ming, Long House treasure to numerous; "In legend, this is the industry rules for tomb robbers.

“Digging the tomb is generally about two meters deep, and it takes a lot of effort.” Old businessman Lao Li had a lot to do with the tomb-sweeping people to understand the inside story. He said that as long as the tomb is found earlier, one night will be able to handle it. Usually two or three people and a group, first use the tool to detect, if there is something detected, they dig with shovels or shovels, leaving only one person to look at the top.

How can we accurately find the tomb? Lao Li analysis, tomb robbers first look at a feng shui, and then use Luoyang shovel to detect a class of tomb tools. Go to the ground and take out the soil samples. According to the composition of the soil, judge whether there are any graves underground. "If there is a natural soil, there will be no tombs. If it is filled in soil, there will be tombs." In addition, they also use metal detectors and put them on graves to detect whether there is soil in the underground 3 meters. thing.

The detector is the highest technical content for robbers. On the e-commerce platform, it is not difficult to find that the sale of “underground antique detectors and metal tombs dedicated to tombs” is on sale, with a price of 1,800 yuan, and its use is “archaeology, prospecting.” According to the product introduction, the detector can find gold, silver and other metals buried in the ground, containing large/small probe disks, and high detection sensitivity. Objects as small as 1 dollar coin can be detected. The depth can reach about 3.5 meters.

In addition, the robbery is almost "no technical content." Tomb robbers are often destructive and what they do. If they have enough time, they will also sell the stone and bricks in some tombs.

“I have heard that digging tombs must obey the rules. Before digging, you must burn your incense sticks, dig your wine after digging, and leave some things for the tomb. Is there such a rule?”

Lao Li snorted: "Where's this rule? Guarantee to dig you clean, digging it to open, do not backfill." He analyzed that in Yunnan, most of the tombs were collaborated internally and externally, and the locals disclosed information and Leading the way, people who dig the tomb exclusively in the field are responsible for the excavation.

Tombs are illegal after all. In the ancient market of deep water like the sea, Lao Li was immersed in prostitution for many years and summed up the characteristics of some of the crimes of robber tombs and cultural relics: locals and non-locals should join together. Local people understand the local situation, while foreigners can quickly transfer and resell cultural relics; , acquisitions, reselling formed a "one-stop-shop," and the cultural relics were promptly bought as soon as they were dug up.

In 2007, Yuxi Jiangchuan police arrested 28 criminal suspects from Yuxi, Kunming, Jiangchuan, Zhejiang and other places, and retrieved 79 pieces of cultural relics from Yuxi and Kunming. In 2011, hundreds of ancient tombs were stolen in Baoshan Longling. Police investigations found that graves often use shovels, shovels, lamps (including flashlights and cap lamps, etc.), gloves, buckets, and iron brazing. Compared to some ancient tombs in Yunnan Province and the Central Plains, the ancient tombs here are mostly large local residents and ordinary people. There are very few large-scale ancient tombs like Wang Houxiang in the Central Plains area. Therefore, the tools and procedures for the tombs are relatively simple. They first shoveled the slate in front of the grave with shovels, and shoveled the soil out with a shovel. After opening the caverns, put on gloves and miner's lamp and sweep into the tomb.

Lao Li said that all the ancestors of the tomb were called "one pot" and the highest level was "eyes". They were not only responsible for finding ancient tombs and authenticating cultural relics, but also "part-time" junior buyers. Under the "eyes eye" is the "brick", which is mainly responsible for raising funds and equipment. Then the following is “legs” and “under the bitterness”. The former is a technical worker for the tomb and the latter is a coolie. Everyone has a clear division of labor and their income is also divided into threes and nines. There is also a way to divide the tomb plunderers into “pangolin” and “shovel”. The “shovel” is the lowest, and the graves are specifically dug. “Pangolin” is responsible for finding the market for stolen goods. It is a funder and organizer. Before he could get it, he was responsible for providing all the expenses for the robbers, including eating, smoking, drinking, and purchasing equipment.

If there is a harvest, the tomb plunderers will quickly find a safe, secure and generous buyer and quickly release themselves. After several exchanges of hands, the things obtained from the tombs gradually became “whitewashed” and became justifiable collections. Even if they were found, it was difficult to find the founder.

What is funny is that there are also many fraudsters in this industry. Tomb robbers first found a tomb, opened a hole, and buried the purchased high-impact porcelain bottle and porcelain tank into the tomb. A few years later, trees and shrubs were planted in the place where the hole was first opened, and the buyer was contacted to go to the site to rob the tomb. The buyer looked at the things dug up on the spot. He was very excited and spent a lot of money on "packet pits." As a result, the result was a big one.

Behind the scenes of the tomb industry

The rise of tombs and collections, and the prosperity of the antique market are inseparable. Behind the tombs, the underground market is surging.

Most of the things collected from the hands of the robbers are jade, including bracelets, headdresses, pendants, and some pottery. Lao Li revealed that in the 80s of last century, when the "goods" were the most, they would receive half a drawer in a while and then sell their hands. The purchase price of a "goods" ranges from tens of dollars to a few thousand dollars. If you are lucky, you can sell tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of dollars, and the profits are very large.

Lao Li said that the goods are traded between peers, there are acquaintances call to ask or put in shops for sale, some of the valuable goods will also be sold to the country, foreign trade trading company. More than a decade ago, there were tomb thief about him to go to the cemetery, "now digging and selling," this transaction is even cheaper. "However, no matter how much soil is excavated, it will be sold in piles, three or five hundred piles, valuable or worthless, but it has never lost money. In recent years, this situation has been very rare."

Some veteran antique dealers even knew the professional graves. If there are buyers who asked for it, they would collect the pictures of the cultural relics and related information from the Internet and hand them over to the robbers and hire them to steal it, “just like a la carte restaurant”.

When the “goods” were acquired, many of the vendors who claimed to be farmers were saying that the antiques were their own family's biography and that the merchants did not ask in detail. Regarding the sources of these "goods", we all know nothing about it. "Asking about the origin of things and the identity of the person who sells them is a taboo in trading."

The antique market is one of the trading venues for items obtained from graves.

The antique Shang Lao is not from Yunnan, but has lived in Kunming for nearly 20 years. In 1979, in his early 20s, he was exposed to the antique industry for the first time under the guidance of his friends. At the beginning, he was running in the country, and wherever there was "good stuff," he went. In the mid-1980s he came to Yunnan, rented a storefront in Kunming, opened a shop, and traveled between Kunming and Guangzhou, Guangzhou Taohuo, and Kunming. He also often buys eye-catching goods from robbers.

Lao Li's shop opened in the Panjiawan collection market. Not many guests, he sat in the corner of his shop and stared at a jade bracelet. Many years ago, people holding antiques to find a door to let the boss acquire an endless stream, but now it is rare, and sometimes, there has been no sale in half a year.

Lao Li admits: "We generally only look at the things that are brought out. If the things are satisfactory and the prices are right, we will buy them." "Look at things but not people" is one of the rules of this industry. Through thick spectacle lenses, Lao Li squinted and smiled. "Actually, it is not something that came from the tomb. The connoisseurs can see it at a glance. First, they have just been unearthed, and the second is a small quantity of goods."

"Tombs stolen are too serious now. There are too few things unearthed now." Lao Li said, shaking his head. The best time for the Tomb Raider and Antiques Trading Market was in the 1980s and 1990s. Something unearthed from the tombs was always found by people and they were asked to buy one by one and ask the antique shops on the market. Most of these people are "middlemen". They know that in the village there are tombs dug up, they are all bought and sold to the market. "These people are regular customers, because they often come and meet. If they don't know it, it's estimated that they are robbers."

According to China's tradition, the family members of the deceased’s grave are “seeing death as if they were living” and are trying to embed the dead’s life. The tomb is a bad job. No one wants to let others know that they do it. Even if he encounters a colleague, he does not want to let people know.

In the ancient city of Yunnan, people will come with a “treasure” every weekend.

February 22, Saturday. The small courtyard of the antique city was crowded with peddler stalls, and even before the aisles were filled. The hawkers put plastic sheets on them and showed them the "baby" for everyone to choose from. There were rusty knives, soiled tripods, pots, pots, pots and pots, and occasionally a few pieces of jade.

Faced with these objects of unknown origin, people who come to pick are few to use. "This is digging out of the earth. It takes 4,000." A street vendor pointed to a price on his own stall. The old man lying on the ground carefully measured the artifact. After some bargaining, the old man is only willing to pay 3,500 yuan, but the hawkers are always reluctant to give in. The old man took out a knife, rubbed a few times on the edge of the tripod, looked at it with one eye, and finally decided to make a deal.

After buying this artifact, the old man said nothing and quickly disappeared into the crowd.

According to statistics from the Ministry of Public Security, only half a year from December 2009 to June 2010, the Ministry of Public Security cracked a total of 541 cases of various cultural relics and recovered 2,366 pieces of cultural relics, including 14 national-level cultural relics.

In 2010, 973 criminal cases of various cultural relics were cracked across the country, including 387 cases of theft of cultural relics and 451 cases of excavation of ancient tombs.

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