Distribution and development of sulfur resource reserves in China
In the past 10 years, the fluctuation of pyrite reserves in China has not been large. Wide distribution of sulfur iron ore deposits, relatively concentrated, mainly in Inner Mongolia, Yunnan, Sichuan, Anhui, Guizhou and Guangdong, accounting for 68% of the total pyrite. China's associated pyrites are concentrated in Jiangxi, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Jilin, Gansu, Anhui and other provinces. Jiangxi's associated pyrite reserves are the highest in the country, accounting for 24% of the total reserves.
There are 508 mineral deposits in the country, including 73 large ones and 176 medium-sized ones, distributed in 28 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China. The reserves of identified ore resources are 5.349 billion tons, of which reserves are 1.158 billion tons and basic reserves are 2.107 billion. t, the amount of resources is 3.242 billion tons. All of the pure sulfur is 958 million tons. There are 262 mineral mines in the country, including 5 large-scale and medium-sized 3l, distributed in 26 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China. The reserves of sulfur resources are 349 million tons, of which the reserves are 60.126 million tons and the basic reserves are 124 million tons. The resources are 225 million tons. There are 10 mineral deposits in natural sulfur , including 2 large and 8 small, mainly distributed in Shandong, Xinjiang, Qinghai and Tibet. The reserves of sulfur resources are 321 million tons. The basic reserves are 246,000 tons and the resources are 32.085 million tons.
2 Development and utilization of sulfur resources in China in recent years
In recent years, as China's economic development resources and rapid growth in demand for sulfur countries metals smelting and refining of oil and gas resources in the sulfur recovery efforts to increase the rapid growth of China's sulfur production, has become the largest country in the world sulfur production, 2013 In the year, China's sulfur production was 10.5 million tons, and in 2014 it was 12 million tons, an increase of 243.75% compared with 2003. China is the fastest growing country in the world for sulfur production. From 2003 to 2013, China's sulfur production grew at an average annual rate of 13.14%, which is 4.88 times the world average. At present, China has replaced Canada and the United States as the world's largest producer of sulfur resources. North America, which is dominated by Canada and the United States, has been the world's largest supplier of sulfur resources. Since the 21st century, China has gradually surpassed Canada and the United States to become the world's largest producer of sulfur resources.
2013 China's output of sulfur resources to 22 million t, in which the metal smelting flue gas sulfur recovery accounted for 44.59%, accounting for 30.64% pyrite sulfur, sulfur recovery and gas refining accounted for 23.91%, phosphogypsum sulfur accounted for 0.84%. The proportion of sulfur in pyrites decreased overall, from 47.81% in 2003 to 28.58% in 2012. The proportion of sulfur in metal smelting flue gas increased steadily, from 38.44% in 2003 to 44.29% in 2013. The proportion of sulfur recovery in oil and gas refining increased the fastest, from 10.94% in 2003 to 27.88% in 2012. After 10 years of development, China's sulfur industry has gradually changed from a single pyrite-based sulfur to a sulfur-rich sulphur, metal smelting flue gas recovery sulfur and oil and gas refining and sulfur recovery.
As far as pyrite is concerned, according to statistics, in 2014, 90 pyrite producers in China produced 13.377 million tons of pyrite (equivalent to S 35%), which was basically the same as the previous year, including Liaoning's 1.862 million tons (11 production). Enterprise), Anhui 2.782 million tons (8 production enterprises), Jiangxi 2.733 million tons (4 production enterprises), Guangdong 3.068 million tons (6 production enterprises), Sichuan 1.152 million tons (14 production enterprises).
At present, the production of pyrite has encountered unprecedented difficulties, and the demand and output have dropped drastically. Except for the better resource resources or the multi-metal pyrite enterprises can maintain production and operation, some small and medium-sized pyrite enterprises have been forced. Suspension or bankruptcy.
Although China's pyrite industry has faced many difficulties in recent years, it has shrunk. However, with the development of China's phosphate compound fertilizer, the pyrite industry is also facing many opportunities for development. According to the fertilizer demand from 2010 to 2020 proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture, according to pyrite acid (35%), sulfur acid (35%) and flue gas recovery acid (30%), the ratio is 1:1:0.86. China's sulfuric acid production in 2010 and 2020 requires 16 million tons of pyrite and 19.5 million tons respectively. According to the production capacity of pyrite, associated sulfur and sulfur that has been developed and utilized, considering the development of China's non-ferrous metal industry in the future, there are certain gaps in the output and demand of various sulfur resources, and the sulfur resources available for planning and construction. lack of.
China's sulfuric acid enterprises use the world's sulfur resources to develop China's sulfuric acid industry, and constantly change the layout of China's industrial structure. Since sulfuric acid has many advantages and meets the requirements of national energy conservation and emission reduction, the development of sulfuric acid production in China is still strong. According to the analysis and forecast of global sulfur supply and demand, there is no problem in the supply of sulfur in the years after 2009, so the proportion of sulfuric acid is likely to exceed 50%. The proportion of pyrites in China is likely to continue to decline. In the development process of China's sulfuric acid industry in the next few years, sulfuric acid production may further dominate the development of the industry and affect the market price of sulfuric acid.
In the past 10 years, with the rapid development of non-ferrous metal smelting and phosphate compound fertilizer industry, China's sulfuric acid industry is in a period of rapid development. As of the end of 2014, China's sulfuric acid production capacity reached 123 million t / a. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, the national sulfuric acid production in 2014 was 88.64 million tons. The average annual growth rate of sulfuric acid production capacity in 2004~2014 was 10.74%; the average annual growth rate of sulfuric acid production was 8.27%.
It is estimated that by 2018, China's sulfuric acid production capacity will reach 140 million t / a, smelting acid will increase by 10 million t / a, sulfuric acid, mineral acid, other acid production increased by about 10 million t / a. The smelting acid is for the production of non-ferrous metals, especially the new large-scale smelting plant, the total operating rate will be around 85%; the mineral acid will change with the domestic steel market, the operating rate can be maintained at 80%; the sulfur acid will be due to phosphorus The changes in the compound fertilizer market and the supply of smelting acid in the sulfuric acid market have led to a decline in the operating rate, and the operating rate may fall below 75%.
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