Research Progress in Laser 3D Printing Technology of High Strength Aluminum Alloy

3D printing technology is rapidly changing the traditional mode of production and lifestyle. As a strategic emerging industry, 3D printing technology integrates many disciplinary technologies such as digital technology, manufacturing technology, laser technology and new material technology, and is praised as the representative technology that is expected to become "the third industrial revolution." Metal laser 3D printing technology as the most advanced 3D printing system and the most promising technology is an important development direction of advanced manufacturing technology. Among them, automatic laser powder deposition based laser selective melting (SLM) is characterized by high processing precision and almost no machining in the follow-up. All kinds of sophisticated precision metal parts can be manufactured directly to realize the integration of structural functions and light weight , In the aerospace, biomedical manufacturing and other fields have a wide range of applications.

At present, the material used in SLM technology has covered the material system of titanium alloy, superalloy, iron-based alloy, cobalt-chromium alloy and a small amount of low strength aluminum alloy. High-strength aluminum alloy, a lightweight material widely used in the industrial field, is in increasing demand in the field of SLM. However, compared with other materials that have been successfully applied to SLM, high-strength aluminum alloys have high thermal conductivity and high reflectivity to laser with high degree of alloying and wide crystallization range, making SLM forming strong Hot cracking tendency, severely limited its engineering applications.

In order to solve the thermal cracking problem of the existing SLM forming high-strength aluminum alloy materials, under the guidance of Prof. Zhu Haihong and doctoral students Zhang Hu and Nie Xiaojia of the Advanced Manufacturing Research Team of Wuhan Optoelectronics National Laboratory, from the perspective of the traditional aluminum alloy material design, Through the method of adding trace elements in the SLM forming high-strength aluminum alloy, a compact and crack-free sample is obtained. In the successful suppression of hot cracks, SLM forming efficiency greatly improved; with the original coarse columnar crystal microstructure, the microstructure of the modified 1mm order of magnitude equiaxed; fine grain strengthening and precipitation strengthening Together, the ultimate tensile strength increased by 12%.

Effect of Trace Elements on the Crack, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of SLM Formed High Strength Aluminum Alloy

The research results break through the bottleneck of the existing high strength aluminum alloy forming SLM technology, is expected to accelerate the industrial application of aluminum alloy materials in the field of laser 3D printing. In June 2017, the study "Effect of Zirconium addition on crack, microstructure and mechanical behavior of selective laser melted Al-Cu-Mg alloy" was published in the journal Scripta Materialia (IF: 3.305, DOI: 10.1016 / j .scriptamat.2017.02.036). The research work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.).

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