New energy introduction and related policies

New energy refers to various sources of energy other than traditional energy (coal, etc.). It is also called unconventional energy and renewable energy. It usually represents energy sources that have just begun to develop or are being actively researched and promoted, such as solar energy, geothermal energy, wind energy, ocean energy, biomass energy and nuclear fusion energy.

In 1980 (Geng Shennian), the “New Energy and Renewable Energy Conference of the United Nations” defined new energy as: based on new technologies and new materials, the traditional renewable energy sources were modernized and utilized and used inexhaustibly. Renewable energy sources have been used instead of fossil fuels with limited resources and pollution to the environment. They focus on the development of solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy, hydrogen energy, and nuclear energy (atom energy).

The new energy sources that can form an industry in China mainly include hydropower (mainly small hydropower stations), wind energy, biomass energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, etc. It is a clean energy that can be recycled.

The following describes in detail the wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, and geothermal energy that China can develop into an industry.

First, the definition:

1. Solar energy is the science and technology that synthesizes sunlight and uses its energy to produce hot water, steam, and electricity. In addition to using appropriate technology to collect solar energy, buildings can also harness the sun's light and heat by adding appropriate equipment, such as massive south-facing windows or building materials that absorb and slowly release solar heat. .

2. Wind energy is formed by the flow of solar radiation. Compared with other energy sources, wind energy has obvious advantages. It has large reserves, is 10 times that of hydropower, widely distributed and never exhausted. It is particularly important for inconvenient transportation and islands and remote areas that are far from the mains. The most common form of wind energy use is wind power. Wind power has two ideas, horizontal and vertical axis fans. The horizontal axis fan is widely used and is the mainstream model of wind power generation.

3. Biomass energy is derived from biomass, which is also an energy form of solar energy stored in the form of chemical energy in the organism. It is directly or indirectly derived from the photosynthesis of plants. Biomass energy is stored solar energy and it is a unique renewable carbon source that can be converted into conventional solid, liquid, or gaseous fuels. Biomass resources on the earth are more abundant and it is a harmless energy source. The earth produces 173 billion tons of substances through photosynthesis every year, which contains 10-20 times of the world's total energy consumption, but the utilization rate is less than 3%.

Biomass energy (also known as bioenergy) is the use of organic substances (such as plants, etc.) as fuel, and energy is generated through technologies such as gas collection, gasification (solidification as a gas), combustion, and digestion (moisture only waste). Bioenergy is also a valuable renewable energy source as long as it is properly implemented, but it depends on how biomass fuels are produced.

Globally, it is frying on corn, wheat, sugar, and other foodstuffs to create energy sources such as gasoline to meet the growing demand and excessive prices caused by excessive costs. At present, we mainly use sweet sorghum and cassava as raw materials.

The internal heat source of the Earth can come from gravity differentiation, tidal friction, chemical reaction, and the release of radioactive elements. Radioactive heat is the main source of heat for the Earth. China's geothermal resources are abundant and widely distributed. There are 5,500 hot spots, 45 geothermal fields, and geothermal resources total about 3.2 million megawatts.

Second, policy support:

The Chinese government attaches great importance to the research and development of renewable energy. The State Economic and Trade Commission formulated the “Tenth Five-year Plan” for the development of new energy and renewable energy industries, and formulated and promulgated the “Renewable Energy Law of the People's Republic of China”, focusing on the development of solar thermal energy utilization, wind power generation, and efficient use of biomass energy. The use of geothermal energy. With the strong support of the country, China has made great progress in wind power generation, ocean energy tidal power generation and solar energy utilization. New energy (or renewable energy is more appropriate) mainly includes solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, and biomass energy. After decades of exploration of biomass energy, many experts at home and abroad have stated that this type of energy cannot be vigorously developed. It will not only grab the land resources on which people depend, but will also lead to unhealthy social development. Geothermal energy The development and use of air conditioners have the same characteristics. For example, large-scale development will inevitably result in the destruction of the surface soil environment in the area and will inevitably cause another change in the ecological environment. Wind power and solar energy are inexhaustible for the earth and are used for it. Inexhaustible health energy, they will certainly become the mainstream of alternative energy in the future.

Third, application

New energy vehicles: Today, new energy is booming. As vehicles for transportation, a large number of atmospheric pollutants such as carbon, nitrogen, sulfur oxides, hydrocarbons, and lead compounds are emitted every day, which is an important source of atmospheric pollution. Sources cause serious harm to human health and ecological environment.

Energy-saving and emission-reduction is the eternal theme of the development of the automobile industry. Continuously strengthening energy-saving and emission-reduction work has become an urgent need for China's economy to achieve good and rapid development.

Links -> related policies (selected only)

In 2001, China launched the “863” plan for electric vehicles. The electric vehicles involved include three types: hybrid, pure electric and fuel cell vehicles, which are called “three verticals”; multi-energy powertrain control, drive motors, Power storage is "three horizontal." This established the "three horizontal and three vertical" development bureau.

During the "10th Five-Year Plan" period (2001-2005), the Ministry of International Science and Technology packaged the research and development of hybrid and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles into the "863" electric vehicle major special research.

During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” period (2006-2010), the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology identified the topics of “Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicles”, saving energy and reducing emissions, reducing dependence on imported oil, and reducing CO2 emissions, becoming the automotive industry in China. Major tasks.

The “Comprehensive Work Plan for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction” issued by the State Council in June 2007 and the “Opinions on Encouraging the Development of Energy-saving and Environment-friendly Small-displacement Vehicles” (Guobanfa [2005] No. 61); jointly issued by the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Environmental Protection The “Opinions on the Implementation of Government Procurement of Environmental Labelling Products” (Treasury [2006] No. 90), etc., and adjusted the auto consumption tax twice. At the same time, in 2008-2009, the Chinese government introduced policies such as “fuel tax” and “exchange for old” to encourage the research and development of small-displacement vehicles. In addition to supporting new energy vehicles in the industry revitalization plan, the Chinese government has also improved domestic finished products. The oil price approach "forces" the auto industry to embark on the road to "energy conservation and environmental protection." On September 7, 2011, the Ministry of Finance, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology signed the "Notice on Adjusting the Subsidy Policy for Energy-Efficient Vehicles Promotion" (Caijian [2011] No. 754), which will be implemented on October 1, 2011, and will mainly include The range of subsidized energy-saving cars has been increased. These measures clearly expressed the government’s determination to promote energy-saving and emission-reduction work in automobiles and its attitude toward “increase in size” in automotive products. On July 9, 2012, the State Council formally announced the “Energy-saving and new-energy automotive industry development plan (2012-2020)”, planning that the development of new energy automotive industry will be driven by pure electric power as the main strategy for the development of new energy vehicles and the transformation of the automotive industry. Orientation, the current focus on promoting the industrialization of pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles.